Male and Female in the Epic of Gilgamesh - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1719 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gilgamesh Essay Did you like this example? The Epic of Gilgamesh was written in 2100 BC and was also the first piece of literature that was written which was later discovered. In this epic there is a king named Gilgamesh who ruled a city called Uruk. His life and problems in his life were discovered on stone tablets and it is to be the oldest and first written piece of literature. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Male and Female in the Epic of Gilgamesh" essay for you Create order Essentially this epic is about Gilgamesh becoming comfortable with death and trying to gain eternal life. In this paper I will be writing about how the roles of women is positive and yields to be important when analyzing this piece of literature. (Buried Book) The main characters in this epic consisted of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, Humbaba, Siduri, Utnaphishtim, and Shamhat. Gilgamesh is half man half god and was the king of the city Uruk. Gilgamesh is known for his handsomeness and his strength and later became conceided. Gilgamesh even created laws which included by sexually exploiting young women by being able to have sex with them the night before their wedding. The citizens of Uruk reach out to the gods about the dictatorship happening in Uruk. The god Aruru responds and has the goddess Aruru to create an equal to Gilgamesh who will be Enkidu. (Evolution) Enkidu is currently a man who lives with the animals and encounters a trapper who went to Gilgamesh out of fear. Upon request the trapper goes back to the watering hole that he previously spotted Enkidu at and hes accompanied by a woman named Shamhat who is a prostitute. Once Shamhat and Enkidu encounter each other the prostitute persuades Enkidu to have sex with her. Afterwards the animals reject him since he has been civilized according them; Enkidu then goes to Uruk with Shamhat and starts living with her. Eventually Gilgamesh and Enkidu meet Gilgamesh and later become friends after having a fight after wanting to determine dominance. (Norton Anthology) Gilgamesh randomly decides that one day he would go to the Cedar Forest to kill Humbaba who is a monster who guards the forest. Even though Enkidu and the city of Uruk was against the voyage, both Gilgamesh and Enkidu set out to kill the monster Humbaba. When they arrive to Cedar Forest, Shamash who is the god of the sun helps them overpower the monster who soon starts to plead for his life. Enkidu ignored Gilgameshs instincts to grant the monster life and kills him. Afterwards, both Gilgamesh and Enkidu chop down the tallest tree in the forest and dedicates it to the god Enlil. To get back home they built a raft and float down the Euphrates river along with the head of Humbaba. (Norton Anthology) At this time in the epic, Ishtar who is a goddess has developed a crush on Gilgamesh and asked for his hand in marriage. After rejecting her proposal for marriage due to the ending to all of her other past relationships/lovers, Ishtar got seriously pissed off and borrows the Bull of Heaven from her dad Anu and releases it to earth to practically get revenge on her friends. But it backfires on Ishtar because Gilgamesh and Enkidu ends up killing the bull and when Ishtar returns to earth, Enkidu throws one of the bulls legs at her face. Afterwards Enkidu has a dream that the gods has to kill either Gilgamesh or Enkidu due to the damage they can do together (the killing of Humbaba, the Bull of Heaven, and the tallest cedar tree being chopped down). The god Enlil picked Enkidu to be killed and fairly quickly afterwards Enkidu becomes very sick all of a sudden and eventually dies due to the sufferage of the sickness. (Norton Anthology) After Gilgamesh finds out about Enkidus death it seriously affects him due to his views of Enkidu being his equal. Gilgamesh started to think that no matter how much power or abilities you have you will eventually die and the only thing people can remember you by is your achievements or pieces of your work. He sets out on a voyage about basically finding eternal life and to talk to Utanaphishtim who is the only human that has been granted eternal life due to basically building Noahs Ark. This journey that Gilgamesh decides to embark on is entirely exhausting due to going to Mount Mashu, going to the underside of the world, and almost getting scorched by the sun. Once Gilgamesh gets to where Utanaphishtim resides, Siduri the innkeeper takes Gilgamesh to the ferryman Urshanabi who took him to Utanaphishtim. After going through all of the obstacles to get to Utanaphishtim, he basically tell him that humans cannot have eternal life. (Norton Anthology) The gods decided a long time ago that humans will not have eternal life and to make that happen they create the flood. Although Utanaphishtim and his wife got a heads up about it and then created a giant ship and loaded two of each animal of the ship and also some craftsmen. After the flood was over the god Enlil granted his family immortality. Utanaphishtim honestly does not think that Gilgamesh is worthy of such a gift and so then challenges him to a keep awake contest. Of course Gilgamesh fails horribly, tells him to go on, and fires his innkeeper due to allowing Gilgamesh through to visit Utanaphishtim. After his wife finds out about the visit he requests to invite Gilgamesh back to inform him about a plant that will revitalize your youth to whoever consumes the plant. (Norton Anthology) Gilgamesh discovers the plant at the bottom of the sea and decides to take it back home to test it on an old man there due to not wanting to risk this mysterious plant on himself. On the way home he stops at a rest stop to take a bath and accidentally leaves the flower behind. A snake discovers the flower and eats it as Gilgamesh and Urshanabi are still making their way back to Uruk. The epic ends with Gilgamesh returning to Uruk and reflecting on how he practically built Uruk and that he will have a reputation and also he feels good with how his life is going and is now comfortable with the thought of death. (A Reader) In this epic the women have very strong influences on the men which plays an important role. The three main women who play a role in the epic who make the roles of the women have a positive effect are Shamhat, Ninsun, and Ishtar. The first lady Shamhat is first introduced in the epic when she humanizes Enkidu and also is known as a prostitute. Later on in this epic you start to see how she is more than a prostitute and starts to be represented as a more caring woman and leads Enkidu to the way of living in socialization. Shamhat first has sex with Enkidu to humanize him to eventually introduce him to Gilgamesh but in the mean time she is his support system. She gives him shelter when he had left the forest but havent met Gilgamesh, introduced Enkidu to Gilgamesh which gave him his accomplice in life, and even loans Enkidu part of her clothing since he was in need. This woman is represented in a positive and caring way rather than just being represented as a prostitute and took away e verything that Enkidu known and forced him into a world he never asked for. The second woman Ninsun was the mother of Gilgamesh and was represented with nothing but kindness and generosity throughout the entire epic. She cares for her mortal son extremely, so much that she gives a good word to Shamash about him right before they left for the fight with Humbaba. Ninsun also interpreted a dream that Gilgamesh had and basically prepared him for someone to come into his life to confide in which is what the city Uruk and the citizens of the city needed due to the extremely demeaning laws concerning women and sex. Even though she is mentioned fairly briefly it is straight forward that she has a caring character especially through her son, Gilgamesh. The third woman is Ishtar who is the goddess of sex and love. Ishtar develops a dangerous love for Gilgamesh after him and Enkidu killed the monster Humbaba. After this Ishtar plainly asked Gilgamesh to marry her and he simply refused due to the fates of all her past lovers and relationships. After the denial of the proposal she borrows the bull of heaven to get revenge on both Gilgamesh and Enkidu. The killing of the Bull of Heaven was important because it is what lead to Enkidu receiving the death penalty which in turn also lead to Gilgameshs voyage to find immortality. Ishtar maintained power of the men during this epic due to her releasing the bull of heaven gave the gods the idea and decision to kill Enkidu which has quite a bit of power to cause an act of that sort. Back when this epic was written the roles of men was non-existent for necessity to live practically. When we take a look at the roles of women throughout this epic it at first glance seems irregular than usual. Whenever you take a deeper look or understanding then the roles of women have dominant traits. The roles included captivating sexuality, convincing advising, and they also had the ability to have some control of the mens decisions which brought death and the loss of immortality in their lives. The three women mentioned earlier was examples represented in the epic that proves that women roles in this writing is positive and important because it leads to important events throughout the story and the women are looked down upon. (Male and Female) Works Cited: Abusch, Tzvi. Male and Female in the Epic of Gilgamesh : Encounters, Literary History, and Interpretation, Eisenbrauns, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://0-ebookcentral-proquest-com.library.uark.edu/lib/uark-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4395070. Damrosch, David.The Buried Book: The Loss and Rediscovery of the Great Epic of Gilgamesh.H. Holt, New York, 2007. Maier, John R.Gilgamesh: A Reader.Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Wauconda, Ill, 1997. Puchner, M., et al, Eds. The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Vol. A, 4th ed. Tigay, Jeffrey H.The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic.University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1982.

A Career as a Social Worker - 1227 Words

Not many people can handle the stress of being a social worker, but in the end it is very rewarding. This job is not an everyday job for some people, it is a lot of hard work and it is helping people with situations that a person doesn’t see everyday. As a social worker it takes a lot to get through to people and for them to understand that what they are going through is not okay. Social working is the fastest growing career according to the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics (Social Work Profession). There are two types of social workers: Direct Social Workers work with people to help them cope with everyday situations and a Clinical Social Worker diagnoses people with medicine to help with there problems ( What†¦show more content†¦Clients depend on their social workers because they may be out of a family or friend and that person may be the only person they have to talk to (Social Work). It is essential to have good communication and problem solvin g skills when in this job (Social Work). Being a social worker is a very stressful and draining job, maturity and emotional strength is important (Social Work). It is suggested to volunteer at an agency to see if the person that is wanting to be the social worker is able/emotionally stable to this field (Social Work). Social workers take effect when children and women are in danger of neglect or even abused (What Social Workers Do). They protect children and families in need of assistance (What Social Workers Do). They help parents with money, education, childcare, and food for the children (What Social Workers Do). Social workers help people deal with their diagnoses and help their lifestyle easier for them (What Social Workers Do). When social workers are in certain positions they have to arrange adoptions, foster homes, and work to get families back on their feet again (What Social Workers Do). When everything and everyone (families) are back together they make necessary adjustme nts to everyday life for people who can not do it themselves (What Social Workers Do). Domestic Violence is not discriminated; it can happen to anyone (The Social WorkersShow MoreRelatedThe Career Of A Social Worker Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe career of a social worker is known by others as a person who has both the determination and responsibility to help others despite the unfavorable situations that is presented. From my perspective, a social worker is a giving person who loves what they do, despite the varying schedules. That perspective of a social worker is someone who I would like to become. Throughout my experiences, my approachable demeanor has helped me handle new and tough situations. Social work is by no means easyRead MoreThe Career As A Social Worker Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagesactuality a profession as a Social worker is one of the most renowned occupations when it comes to assisting people. The path to becoming a social worker is very difficult, but in the end you will know what is to be human and to be humane. What it’s all about A career as a Social worker primarily involves attending individuals, families, groups of people to cope with complications they are facing which is beneficial to improving the patient’s lives. As a licensed Social worker you will carry immenseRead MoreA Career as a Social Worker Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages A social worker has a very important job. Social workers help children and families in need of food, homes, and health care. They help children have a brighter future. There are many different types of social work. There are mental health, child and family, elementary, and high school social workers. There are advantages to being a social worker. One example is social workers get to save children. They take the child or children out of an abusive home, weather that is mentalRead MoreSocial Work Career As A Social Worker925 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Work Career If you are an individual who seeks to promote human well-being and have an intense desire to help others, you might consider pursuing a career in social work. â€Å"Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people† (International Federation of Social Workers, 2014, para. 2). Social workers identify those who need help, examine their situations and developRead MoreMy Career As A Social Worker Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pages Social work has evolved over centuries and social work as a profession has gone through a constant change that even continues today. As I begin this journey into my career as a social worker I have to consider so many things; understanding the history of the social work profession and what it means to my career, understanding that social work is a profession and not just a discipline, why it is important that this kind of work be done by a professional, what organizations can help throughout myRead MoreCareer Research: A Career as a Social Worker Essay540 Words   |  3 PagesI chose social working as my career because many other people go through tough situations and have a difficult time talking to relatives or friends to help them through a tough situation. I thought of becoming a social worker so I can have the ability to change the lives of others. Social work is one of those careers you can truly make a difference in people’s lives. I want to become a social worker because life isn’t about just helping yourself it’s about helping others as well, which is what socialRead MoreCareer Path For A Social Worker1903 Words   |  8 PagesCareer Path There are so many career path options. What is good for one, is not always good for all. I have been contemplating many different options and I have finally chosen one. The career path I have chosen is to take the summer off and work at home doing day care. Then return to Argosy University in September, to start my bachelor’s degree in psychology with a concentration on child adolescents. During which, I will volunteer with a local organization called the Family Promise of Green CountyRead MorePersonal Career Analysis : Social Worker Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Career Analysis: Social worker The world is full of social injustices. Human beings are faced with these injustices every day. Some people have it harder than others. A few social injustices humans face are poverty and economic disparity, discrimination, oppression, racism, and even more unfairness. This is where the profession of Social Work is essential. The reason of Social work is to promote the well-being of humans and the community. This field interests me because I want to helpRead MoreProfessionalism: A Career Plan as a Social Worker1438 Words   |  6 PagesCareer Plans The grass blows in the cool breeze, but a chill is in the air, winter is coming. I stop and look around; the pristine white gates surround a lush green pasture still unaffected by the cold. Inside young foals dance to the winds music, playfully kicking and biting at each other, daring the other to a race. I turn toward the silhouette in the distance and spot bright eyes and pricked ears. A whinny reaches my ears and then another responds, it is breakfast time and the horses let me knowRead MoreA Social Worker Is A Tremendous Responsibility And Career Rewarding Choice863 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing to be a social worker is a tremendous responsibility and career rewarding choice, with a definite purpose. The National Association of Social Workers (1999), Code of Ethics, defines the purpose of all social workers â€Å"to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, opp ressed, and living in poverty†. Social workers worry about the welfare of their clients; enabling them to restore

Internship Essay Example For Students

Internship Essay I had many responsibilities and duties as a teacher assistant/chaperone. Such as arriving at the assigned school for bus and student pick-up at 8:00 a.m. assisting teachers and counselors with Daily Opening Activity, with Math and Reading as well as Arts/Folklore classes. Escorting students to and from the bathroom. Supervising students during breakfast and lunch and assisting with clean up. Being responsible for picking up and returning materials to the GEAR UP office. Attending weekly Staff and Team meetings to discuss the past week and plan for the weeks ahead. This internship opened many doors leading to my future. This would not only help me academically and financially, but would also provide me with necessary experience in real world situations. This internship with this program, is well established and a brilliant source of knowledge. Firstly, I will be able to physically see and experience the concepts that I have learned through out my life. This provides me a chance to reflect upon what I have learned in the past. On the other hand, I will be able to gain some very important insights of working with seniors officials in reality. I would be able to utilize their experience as a guide to correct my mistakes and discovering more skills that might be of use in the future. Another exciting feature about this internship program is that, I will actually realize what my duties would be when I would start as an employee for a similar organization as the sponsoring company. I will learn what I shall need, and thus will be able to focus on tho se areas that I am weak at. Apart from that, it would also enhance my scope of getting accepted to a good school for the Masters Degree. In my opinion I have met all of my objectives and I now have a new perspective on life. I was able to be successful in this internship because I had to utilize and develop many new skills. I used my interpersonal skills such as: coping strategies; peer relationships and effective social skills; communication, problem-solving techniques, decision-making, conflict resolution, how to work in a team, where everyone depends on each other and a lot of patience. I developed many new skills such as multitasking, problem solving/decision making, and leadership qualities. I learned that I am a role model. It is important to develop a good relationship with students; however, I must keep in mind that I am expected to behave myself in a professional manner at all times. I also learned some of the important skills of a teacher such as: how to provide direct instructions, clarify content, teach skills and answer the students questions; help students identify their skills, abilities, and long term plans regarding education and personal problems. After I completed my internship I realized I didnt want to become a child psychologist anymore. I was put in a situation in which I had to deal with a child who was suffering from depression among other psychological problems and was considered to be suicidal. As soon as the child confessed his plans to kill himself I immediately went to the school guidance counselor and the social worker. I then realized if I wanted to be a child psychologist I would be the one who would have to deal with these types of problems and I would have no one to turn to. This fact scared me so much that I decided to change my career. I also had to deal with a child, who had a crush on me. He would bring me flowers everyday and he told all his friends. I know it was a harmless crush, but I honestly felt very uncomfortable whenever I was around him because I didnt know what he was thinking. All these incidents made me think twice about my future in regards to working with children.I am now debating if I shou ld major in Business Management or Marketing. I have decided I will pursue my Bachelor degree in Pace University or St. Johns University. This internship was a wonderful experience and I am grateful I got a chance to participate in it. I worked with some very nice people, who I

Medication Errors Essay Example

Medication Errors Essay Medication Errors Risk Management of Medication Errors. Risk management as concerns medication errors is the consistent improvement of the quality and delivery of medication to patients with consideration to safety. Consideration to safety involves the identification of situations that may put patients at risk and putting measures in place to prevent and control these risks. Key components of effective risk management include effective policies and procedures, documentation of patient care and other clinical activities as well as timely and transparent reporting of critical incidents (Marshall, 2011). Medication errors are often the result of various weaknesses in complicated medical system. The solution to this problem, therefore, has to involve the participation of all concerned parties including medical personnel and patients. Communication channels serving personnel involved in the medication process also need assessment. We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Errors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Steps in Place Addressing Medication Errors at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital A number of procedures and policies were set up at the Cleveland hospital to prevent the repeated occurrence of medication errors. This involved setting up procedures and practices that govern handling of medication. Some of the best practices discussed and implemented to solve this problem include setting a zero-error goal in medication labeling. Erroneous labeling occurs during the removal of medication from its original packaging and placed into pre-labeled on unlabeled syringes or containers. Procedures implemented to counter this include ensuring the labeling of new containers immediately before or after transfer of the liquid because health care workers are prone to interruptions. Nurses take this precaution even when filling multiple containers with the same medication or solution. The nurses label these containers one type of medication at a time. The label should include the name, amount concentration, and expiration date of the solution. The entire staff involved in drug administration usually discards any unlabelled medication and if preparing medication but not administering it, they verify the label’s accuracy before using it. Labeling of multiple dose vials occurs after they are opening them. The label should indicate a 28-day expiration date. Scheduled audits of medication storage areas to remove expired medication occur regularly. Surprise audits of medical refrigerators and other storage areas also help in implementation, thus reducing the margin of error. Putting reminders such as ‘check label’ for medications reduces errors even among patients taking their daily dosage themselves. The security of medication is also of paramount importance to the Cleveland clinic. Security strictly restricts access to medication storage areas so only. The hospital constantly monitors storage areas without electronic or mechanical locks. The staff also secures and documents emergency medication kits both before and after an emergency to prevent access by unauthorized personnel. Another way of ensuring the safety of medication in storage at the clinic is the digital thermometer alarm attached to medication refrigerators that ensure temperature stays within the recommended range. Commonly confused medications such as DOBUTamine, DOPamine are often sources of confusion and consequently errors (Lippincott Lippincott, 2008). The Cleveland clinic instituted ‘tall man lettering’, a combination of upper and lower case letter to reduce confusion among these medications. The regulators also added â€Å"LASA† designation to these medicines, which have a separate storage area in the pharmacy. Online support for the use of LASA medication is available to the Cleveland clinic personnel. The management of high-risk medication such as insulin has reduced the margin of error usually prone to these types of medication. Vials of insulin removed from the floor stock are patient specific. Afterwards, nurses label the vials with patient’s details and the 28-day expiration date. They also put insulin and other high-risk medication such as anti-coagulants, chemotherapy, opioids, and concentrated electrolytes in separate storage and only authorized personnel can prescribe such medication with independent double-checking before administration. The staff thereby keeps these medications in standardized concentrations. Agency Solutions to Remedy the Medication Error Problem The Quality and Patient Safety Institute advises the Cleveland clinic on health safety and risk management. The agency came up with ways of incorporating safety into the hospital system to manage the error issue. Solutions have included the streamlining of hospital practices to those recommended by recognized regulatory bodies, which has led to accreditation clinic. Production of regular quality performance reports and continual process of improvements has enabled compliance and the participation of personnel. Another significant breakthrough instituted by the agency is the patient safety program, which has enabled patients to have a say in the safety aspects affecting treatment. It has also educated them on medication safety and promoted a spirit of cooperation in improving medication safety. Methods adopted by other facilities to address Medication Errors The consequences of medication errors have resulted in hospitals across the United States taking proactive steps to counter the occurrence of medication errors. Methods adopted include the use of standardized order sets for routine prescriptions and procedures (Sullivan Decker, 2005). An example is infusion pumps used to administer medicine. This reduces the need for handwriting, which is a major cause of errors and simplifies the treatment process. Environmental factors such as fatigue, long working hours, noise, and poor lighting in medical workplaces are the leading causes of medication error. The management of this problem has included hiring sufficient personnel and maintaining a calming ambience in the workplace. The personnel use the input of pharmacists and other medical practitioners to identify weakness in the work process. This enables facilities to streamline service delivery systems. Another method has been the increased use of technology to reduce human error. Technology adopted includes the use of online systems to key in prescriptions. This method also allows monitoring of the prescription system by other relevant personnel who can identify and prevent mistakes. The use of bedside bar coding to administer drugs is another preventing measure that has increased efficiency in monitoring the accuracy of medication given. Automated pharmacy or medical record-based triggers have been useful in monitoring adverse drug events caused by many high-alert drugs (ASHRM, 2011). Other facilities encourage staff to keep abreast of developments in medical safety via industry publications. This helps them to keep up their safety standards and prevent error by working on hitherto unforeseen weaknesses. It has also helped in the creation of a safety conscious culture adhered to by all hospital workers. Another key focus has been on the creation of blame free environments. A non-punitive approach increases the chances of detecting and remedying errors as personnel do not have fear of reprisals if they report those (Lippincott Lippincott, 2008). Incentives to personnel who report errors have also encouraged the practice. Improving communication channels between personnel has been another common principal focus. A good communication system prevents misunderstandings and creates a pleasant working environment. Errors in medication usually occur because of miscommunication or miscalculations (Lippincott Lippincott, 2008). The education of staff on relevant vocabulary and using a protocol for orders given verbally has improved significantly patient safety. Encouraging an intimidation free environment has also improved communication between nurses, doctors, and pharmacists. Compare results to the process developed at this agency Most processes adopted by other facilities are similar to those recommended by the agency. This includes the streamlined work processes, use of technology to improve service delivery and the involvement of personnel in safety related decision-making. Other strategies differ. The agency used these to improve the clinic’s service quality. These include the creation of blames free environments. The constant monitoring policy of the agency is likely to put employees on their guard. Creating a culture free of the fear of reprisals increases the chances of error detection and employees taking personal responsibility. Another method that the clinic can adopt is the monitoring of high-risk patients, as opposed to just monitoring the use of high-risk drugs. Conclusions and recommendations Medication errors are a serious risk to both patients and hospitals. They have a serous emotional and financial costs associated with them hence the dedicated efforts to prevent them and if possible attain zero medical errors. Hospitals are on the right track in combating systems errors â€Å"though† there is room for improvement. Education of the personnel the principles of error reduction such as standardization, restricted access, simplification of processes, automation, better information management, dissemination, and fail safes have all helped improved the over all safety of medication in the country. The support of the public is also an important aspect as their support rather than criticism encourages change. The inclusion of risk management in the strategy planning of hospitals will increase the successful implementation of control measures. A culture of knowledge sharing regarding safety measures encourages health practitioners countrywide to take proactive steps regarding patient safety. An acknowledgement of reported errors occurs to allow implementation of action points. These positive measures will further encourage error reporting. References American Society for Healthcare risk Management-ASHRM (2011). Risk management Handbook for Health care Organizations. Edited by Roberta Carroll. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Lippincott, W. Lippincott W. (2008). Lippincott’s Nursing Procedures. Philadelphia, Pa; London: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Marshall, E. (2011). Transformational Leadership in Nursing: from Expert Clinician to Influential Leader. New York, NY: Springer. Sullivan, E. J. Decker, P.J. (2005) Effective leadership and management in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/ Prentice Hall. The Quality Patient Safety Institute of Cleveland Clinic Hospital. (2012). About the Quality Patient Safety Institute. Retrieved from http://my.clevelandclinic.org/about-cleveland-clinic/quality-patient-safety/about-quality-safety-institute.aspx